Executive Summary

Regional public universities (RPUs) often operate in complex environments defined by ambiguity, limited resources, and competing stakeholder demands. This article explores how Disciplined Agile (DA) methodologies can help address these challenges by enabling flexible, context-sensitive ways of working. Drawing on Leadership and Ambiguity: The American College President by Cohen, March, and Olsen,¹ we contrast the organised anarchy model of higher education leadership with DA’s structured flexibility. We argue that DA’s toolkits and mindset—particularly those outlined in Scott Ambler and Mark Lines’ Choose Your WoW!²—offer practical, human-centred frameworks that empower universities to adapt, prioritise, and continuously improve.

Introduction: Leadership in a Fog

In Leadership and Ambiguity, Cohen, March, and Olsen famously describe the American university as a “garbage can” model of decision-making—characterised by unclear goals, fluid participation, and inconsistent processes. University presidents operate in a haze of conflicting demands, where decisions are often made without clear causality or coordination. In contrast, Choose Your WoW! by Scott Ambler and Mark Lines offers a playbook for disciplined yet adaptive leadership through the Disciplined Agile toolkit, which emphasises choosing context-appropriate ways of working (WoW) over rigid adherence to fixed processes.

This article shows how DA’s fit-for-purpose mindset can help RPUs navigate their own brand of organised chaos, offering a practical, human-centred alternative to paralysis-by-complexity.

The Organised Anarchy of Regional Universities

Cohen and his colleagues defined organised anarchy as a system with:

• Problematic preferences – Goals are unclear or conflicting.
• Unclear technology – The processes used to achieve outcomes are only partially understood.
• Fluid participation – Stakeholder involvement varies unpredictably.

Regional public universities often exemplify these traits. Their presidents are caught between state politics, community expectations, labour unions, accrediting bodies, and ever-changing enrolment goals. Meanwhile, staff turnover and role ambiguity impair continuous improvement.

Introducing Disciplined Agile: Structure Meets Flexibility

Disciplined Agile, as detailed in Choose Your WoW!, is a process-decision toolkit that:

• Encourages organisations to “start where you are” and evolve iteratively.
• Helps leaders and teams choose context-sensitive methods for planning, governance, and delivery.
• Promotes eight Disciplined Agile Mindsets, such as Be Awesome, Dare to Be Different, and Optimise Flow.

These principles align well with the ambiguity and complexity found in RPUs, offering a strategic advantage without the burden of bureaucracy.

Comparative Analysis: Organised Anarchy vs.Disciplined Agile

Application of DA Mindsets in RPUs

Disciplined Agile’s eight core mindsets resonate with the mission and complexity of RPUs:³

• Be Awesome: Encourages institutional pride without perfectionism.
• Be Pragmatic: Recognises constraints while seeking innovation.
• Context Counts: Affirms that what works at Harvard may not work at Macomb State.
• Choice is Good: Validates the need for tailoring, not templating.
• Optimise Flow: Reduces bureaucratic roadblocks.
• Enterprise Awareness: Balances autonomy with systemic alignment.
• Delight Customers: Puts students, faculty, and community first.
• Dare to Be Different: Empowers universities to lead regionally through innovation.

Removing Impediments: Practical Gains Through DA

Conclusion: A Fit-for-Purpose Approach to Higher Ed Leadership

Cohen, March, and Olsen diagnosed the problem of ambiguity in higher education; Ambler and Lines offer a pragmatic cure. While organised anarchy is an accurate metaphor for how RPUs operate, it doesn’t need to be a destiny. Disciplined Agile offers presidents, provosts, and planning teams tools to tame the chaos—not by eliminating complexity but by guiding decisions that embrace it.

References

1. M. D. Cohen, J. G. March & J. P. Olsen. 1972. “Leadership and Ambiguity: The American College President.” ↩︎
2. S. Ambler & M. Lines. 2020. “Choose Your WoW!: A Disciplined Agile Delivery Handbook for Optimizing Your Way of Working.” ↩︎
3. Project Management Institute. 2023. “Disciplined Agile Mindset and Principles.” ↩︎